About possibilities of physical unrealizability of cosmological and gravitational singularities in General Relativity and in Relativistic Gravithermodynamics

The possibility to avoid physical realizability of cosmological singularity (singularity of Big Bang of the Universe) directly in the orthodoxal general theory of relativity (GR) and in its improved version – the relativistic gravithermodynamics (RGTD) is substantiated. This can take place in the case of counting of cosmological time in frame of reference of coordinates and time (FR) not comoving with matter, in which by the Weyl hypothesis galaxies of the expanding Universe are motionless. The absence of any limitations of the value of mass of astronomical body, which self-contracts in the comoving with expanding Universe FR (CFREU), when it has hollow topological form in the space of CFEU and mirror symmetry of its intrinsic space, is shown. Because of this symmetry, both external and internal boundary surfaces of body are observed as convex. At that, in the “turned inside out” internal part of the intrinsic space (in the Fuller-Wheeler lost antiworld) unlike external part, instead of the phenomenon of expansion phenomenon of contraction of “internal universe” is observed. And there is antimatter instead of matter in this internal part of the space. Inevitability of self-organization in physical vacuum of spiral-wave structural elements, which correspond to elementary quasiparticles, and universal electromagnetic nature of all non-fictive quasiparticles are substantiated. Ultrahigh luminosity of quasars and certain types of supernovas is caused by annihilation of matter and antimatter. It is proved that only in the case of the joint application in the Universe of a physically homogeneous exponential scale of unified gravithermodynamic time and a dynamic gravitational field, which ensure the invariance in space and time of the vacuum velocity of light and the Hubble constant, is it possible to ensure not only the general covariance of all physical laws, but also the gravitational-relativistic invariance of thermodynamic parameters and potentials of matter. Although the use in the Universe of a metrically homogeneous uniform scale of the proper time of matter and of a static gravitational field ensure the eternity of the existence of the Universe and the non-exceeding of the values of the false coordinate velocities of light of the GR by the radial velocities of distant galaxies, it does not ensure both the general covariance of all physical laws and the gravitational-relativistic invariance of thermodynamic parameters and potentials of matter.

1. Introduction

The existence of singularities in the General Relativity (GR) is considered by Einstein [1] and later by the most authoritative specialists in this branch of physics (Ivanenko [2], Möller [3,4], Hawking [5]) not only as the most apparent difficulty of this theory, but also as the sign of limitation of its application region. Being based on this and on the evidence of mathematical inevitability of existence of singularities in GR [6,7], many attempts of radical upgrade of GR applying to big densities of matter are undertaken. We have chosen another way to solve this problem in Relativistic Gravithermodynamics (RGTD) [8-10].

The process of expansion of the Universe as whole can take place only, if it takes place in every single point of its infinite space. The presence of this process may be caused only by evolutional variability of the properties of physical vacuum and, therefore, by “adaptation” of matter elementary quasiparticles to continuously renewed terms of their interaction. Therefore, apparently, distances between quasi-motionless in the comoving with expanding Universe frame of reference of spatial coordinates and time (CFREU or Weyl FR [11]) galaxies (according to Weyl hypothesis [12-14], in this FR they take part only in small peculiar motions) elongate in FR, comoving with evolutionally self-contracting matter, not because of the expansion of cosmic space into “nowhere”, but because of the continuous shrinkage of length standard in CFREU. The last is caused by gauge change (which is unobservable in principle in FR of people’s world (FRPW or  matter FR [11]) because of gauge invariance of people’s world [15]) of values of spatial parameters of elementary quasiparticles, evolutionally self-contracting in fundamental space of RGTD (Newton-Weyl absolute space [11]). This is the cause of continuous decreasing of dimensions of all Universe objects in CFREU. The fact that process, which takes place in megaworld, is caused by the processes, which take place in microworld, is in good agreement with existence of many correspondences in correlations between atomic, gravitational and cosmological characteristics – Eddington-Dirac “large numbers” [2,16,17] and doesn’t contradict with modern physical notions. That’s why we can consider the expansion of the Universe, in analogy to daily solar motion on the celestial sphere, only as phenomenon that is observed in some selected FR. Already ancient Greeks (Aristarchus of Samos (ca.310 – ca.230 BC) and Seleucus of Seleucia (ca.190 - unknown BC)) presumed, that in fact Earth revolves on its axis and around the Sun. But it took near two thousand years to make this the apparent truth for all. We can only hope, that phenomenon of Universe expansion won’t have such fate.

Thermodynamic states of matter, examined in General Relativity (GR), are self-inducted by matter spatially inhomogeneous states of this matter. This fact is caused by the presence of gravitational field in matter: Gravitational field is the cause of spatial inhomogeneity of rates of intra-atomic physical processes in matter and, therefore, it inducts not only the curvature, but also physical inhomogeneity of intrinsic space of matter [10,11,18].

In rigid FR this physical inhomogeneity of the space is in the mutual inequality of values of such hidden thermodynamic property of the matter as false (mistaken) coordinate-like velocity of light  in different points of this space [14], which is equivalent (but not identical) to the limit velocity of matter  in a hypothetical static gravitational field, and therefore to the relative value of the frequencies of electromagnetic interaction  in matter at rest in a gravitational field. At the same time, the same relative values of frequencies may correspond to different absolute values of the frequencies of electromagnetic interaction in different substances. It is the relative values of these frequencies, as well as the limit velocity of matter  (which can conditionally be at rest at any point in the gravitational field) that take on a zero value on the event pseudo-horizon of the Universe. The false coordinate velocity of light in the GR, in principle, cannot be less than the Hubble velocity of matter, which is equal to the constant of velocity of light c on the event pseudo-horizon of the Universe, and even more so cannot be equal to zero on the event pseudo-horizon of the Universe. That is why the parameter  was carelessly called the false coordinate velocity of light in the GR.

In addition, the intensity of the gravitational field depends fundamentally not only on the propagation speed of the electromagnetic interaction, but also on the distance of interaction of elementary quasi-particles, which during the motion of matter is significantly reduced due to the isotropic kinematic self-contraction of matter in the Euclidean background [19] space of the CFREU. In the FR of the people´s world, as well as in the intrinsic FR of a moving matter, the reduction in the size of this matter is not observed in principle, but is manifested only in the presence of the kinematic curvature of the part of the space occupied by this matter.

After all, the false coordinate velocity of light is a characteristic of the space in which the movement occurs, and not at all a characteristic of the moving matter. Therefore, further here, instead of the false coordinate velocity of light of the GR, the limit velocity of matter will be mainly considered. When a matter moves with a velocity v by inertia in a dynamic gravitational field [20-22], a change in proper value of the limit velocity  of matter in principle does not occur due to complete mutual compensation by gravitational deceleration and kinematic increase in the fundamentally unchanged flow of the intrinsic gravithermodynamic time of matter which moves in this way.

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