The XXIII International Conference " Man and Nature. Problems of Socio-Natural History", organized by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Financial, organizational and informational support for the conference was provided by the Institute of Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation, the Uchitel Publishing House (History and Modernity magazine), the Institute of Ecological Soil Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the Karadag Nature Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and the Tavrichesky National University, Central Museum of Taurida.

Only the results of specific research carried out during the previous and current year, recorded in the articles accepted for publication and published in the collections of articles in the series "Socio-natural" are accepted for discussion at the conference (no more than 50 applications).

Istoriya" and the magazine "Istoriya i Sovremennost" (the texts of articles are available on the websites of www.kulpin. ha, www.vostokoved.ru, www.isras.ru No more than 25 reports are heard, the remaining materials (selectively) are discussed daily at round tables and in informal communication. Thus, the conference is held in person and in absentia. 47 papers were presented at the XXIII conference (authors from Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Italy, and England). 25 reports were heard, including two of fundamental importance for historical science.

Thus, the report of I. O. Kovaleva and I. V. Kovalev (both MSU) on their method for diagnosing climate events based on soil properties allows us to reconstruct the natural environment of the past with an accuracy of 50 years, which means correcting the data of written documents, confirming or refuting the time of historical events and sources, and introducing new data on natural disasters. specify the time parameters of archaeological finds. The modern method of geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes, which has proven itself well in the study of Antarctic ice, is used for the first time to study the soils and cultural layers of archaeological sites in the Tambov region. It is established that the change of archaeological cultures is accompanied by sharp changes in the properties of soil horizons and, accordingly, climate. Thus, the main cause of the death of the medieval Nikolsky settlement in the floodplain of the Tsna River near the village of Znamenskoye 1210 years ago as a result of a flood comparable in power and strength to modern floods in the Amur floodplain was identified. It is shown that during the same time period, life became impossible in the floodplain of the Serp River (Morshansky district, Davydovsky settlement), whose level was 10-12 m higher than the current one, and the river itself flowed along a different channel. The established facts allow us to conclude that the forest-steppe landscapes are humid within much wider time and spatial limits, since large-scale waterlogging of soils in the Podolsko-Kolomenskoye Opole (Moscow Region) has been recorded since 1600 years ago.

The report of V. V. Lankin (IMEMO, Polis magazine) " Structural and temporal "correctness of the" political history of Russia " was devoted to the cyclical nature of the history of Russia. V. V. Lapkin's discovery of 36-year cycles is of fundamental importance for historical science, since it clearly captures the turning points (bifurcation) moments in the evolution of society, which are subject to special attention and require further comprehensive and thorough research.

A number of reports were related to the collective research project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research "Problems of forecasting the evolution of nature and society in the Russian Federation in 2020-2030". The report of E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin (IB RAS) contained the main provisions of the final report on the project. Having considered the interrelation of the processes of biodiversity reduction, the growth of natural disasters (over the past 10 years, the number of natural disasters has increased 4 times), population growth, migration, etc., the author identified a critical element in the unified system of evolution of nature and society of the planet, which has a decisive impact on the other components of the unified system. The critical "link" in the time interval 2015-2030, according to his ideas, is the global shortage of fresh water with increasing unevenness of precipitation. The world's reserves of fresh water, which could be involved in the economy at an acceptable cost, are close to being exhausted. Agriculture currently accounts for the majority of water consumption, with 70% of all cultivated land affected by drought. The main volume of fresh water is located in the atmosphere (in all riverbeds there are 1.2 thousand km3, in the atmosphere-14 thousand km).³), but there are no practical methods for using atmospheric moisture yet, and they are also fraught with unpredictable effects on the climate and weather instability. According to current forecasts, only Brazil, Canada, and Russia will have water that is economically accessible and not yet used in agriculture in rivers, lakes, and artesian wells (and through seawater desalination) by 2030. In regions where water resources are critically scarce, such as China, India, Pakistan, the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, conflicts are possible.

There have been more than 500 water-related conflicts in the world over the past 50 years. As a rule, they took the form of political and economic confrontation. 21 conflicts (4% of the total) were accompanied by the use of weapons. Water scarcity in India and Pakistan may trigger conflicts. The" painful " geographical point is Kashmir. Among the countries bordering Russia, China is experiencing a shortage of water. Since the mid-1990s, the Yellow River has not flowed into the Yellow Sea for 260 days a year due to the fact that water is used for irrigation throughout its entire channel. The surrounding area suffers from a lack of water

to the borders of the Russian Federation North China. Reports by E. A. Borisova (Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences), I. V. and N. G. Kovalev, A. I. Kogan (Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences), S. K. Kostovskaya (Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and O. A. Mamkina (Moscow State University) were devoted to a more specific consideration of water-related problems.

To overcome resource deficits, there are methods related to new technologies and education of the population. So, in China, a multi-year program of general and higher education has been developed to maximize the development of new technologies, which was the topic of O. A. Mashkina's speech. She noted that China currently employs 400,000 people in this area. foreign scientists.

E. A. Borisova spoke about new technologies and specific experience of their application to overcome water scarcity in the Middle East. In solving the problem of water scarcity in the world, several directions have been identified: educating the population in the traditions of economical water consumption (Israel and the United Arab Emirates); abandoning water-intensive industries and water-intensive crops (Israel and Saudi Arabia); introducing innovative water-saving technologies in agriculture: drip irrigation, the use of drought-resistant crops, breeding varieties that can water with a high salt content (Israel); wastewater treatment; drilling wells for underground water extraction; purchasing fresh water from water-sufficient countries or forcibly weaning it from neighbors and desalination. One of the main problems that cause water scarcity, even where there is enough water, is domestic and industrial pollution. T. V. Dikareva (MSU) spoke in detail about this problem in Russia.

A. I. Kogan and S. K. Kostovskaya showed high efficiency in involving data from the humanities and natural sciences and methods of socio-economic history in the analysis of a specific object in their report "Nature, Economy and Society in Kashmir: assessment and forecasts", dedicated to the tension between India and Pakistan. Kashmir is not climatically similar to the rest of Asia: it is not affected by the Indian monsoon, its territory is a closed basin at an altitude of 2 thousand meters above sea level. Global warming for this region has been reflected in the melting of glaciers and a reduction in precipitation in the form of snow. Large glaciers have shrunk 2-6 times in 40 years, while small ones have disappeared. This affects the cultivation of the main crop - rice. Its own rice is no longer enough, and its imports are growing. A good rice harvest is possible only with heavy snowfall in winter. As a result, the fields that were previously used for rice become rainfed, where orchards are grown. Climate changes have a detrimental effect on the yield of not only cereals, but also fruits. And fruit is the only substitute for grains in Kashmir. The report focused on the population explosion, which is affecting the decline in literacy and increasing pressure on the land, which leads to the abandonment of traditional agricultural activities and encourages social tensions that are exploited by religious extremists.

Of particular interest was A. D. Dikarev's presentation on the peculiarities of the ethnopolitical situation in Taiwan - the evolution of attitudes of the population and changing governments towards Taiwanese aborigines, who are being granted more and more rights. The expansion of indigenous rights has resulted in the conservation of natural biodiversity, a unique phenomenon in extremely overpopulated Asia, which may soon become characteristic of other countries than Taiwan.

A notable part of the conference was made by A. A. Burkhanov (Kazan feder. un-t) with reports on the results of his work over the past three years: several field seasons in Tatarstan, archaeological expeditions to south-eastern Turkmenistan and the Crimea. For the conference, the scientist published and distributed three brochures to the forum participants: "Man and nature in the region of south-eastern Tatarstan. Antiquity, Middle Ages, modern times (based on historical, archaeological and epigraphic studies)", "Monuments of nature and history of Koitendag", "Monuments of the XIII-XV centuries in the Crimea: research and restoration of the historical heritage of the Turkic-Muslim culture".

At the traditional "Day of Crimea" conference, two reports were heard: A.V. Malgin (Center, Museum of Taurida, Ukraine) - "Wars of memory in modern Crimea" and E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin - "Crimean Tatars: the evolution of an ethnic group in different natural environments and socio-political conditions". The discussion was caused by the report of A. V. Malgin. The essence of the report was a call to abandon the constant reinterpretation of the pages of Crimean Tatar history, since various, often radical approaches only complicate the joint existence of various peoples inhabiting Crimea today. Such "memory waves" can only lead to one or more-

burning up the discord of communities. Chairman of the Milli Firka E. K. Umerov, member of the Council of Representatives of the Crimean Tatar People under the President of Ukraine V. E. Abduraimov and a number of other public figures of the Crimean Tatar community shared their views on this topic. It should be noted that the participants of the conference represent the part of the Crimean Tatar community that is ready for dialogue with other communities of the Crimea. In general, the situation in the sphere of inter-communal dialogue in Crimea is complex and is characterized by wariness towards each other, as well as towards the first feature film of the Crimean Tatars "Haitarma", which is dedicated to deportation and is not allowed on the wide screen in Ukraine. The film was shown to the conference participants and commented by A. V. Malgin.

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