The majority of theoretical misconceptions and the most significant misunderstandings in modern astronomy, cosmology and physics are caused by a purely mathematical approach and ignoring philosophical comprehension of physical reality and, as a result, by not deep enough understanding of the essence of certain physical phenomena and objects. Foremost, it's all about phenomena and objects that are under consideration by Special and General Relativity.

The majority of theoretical misconceptions and the most significant misunderstandings in modern astronomy, cosmology and physics are caused by a purely mathematical approach and ignoring philosophical comprehension of physical reality and, as a result, by not deep enough understanding of the essence of certain physical phenomena and objects.

Thermodynamical interpretation of General Relativity, consideration of the Universe as a single spiral-wave formation, and consideration of the so-called elementary particles and quarks as finite local flows of these spiral waves actually allowed the creation of a "theory of everything".

The majority of theoretical misconceptions and the most significant misunderstandings in modern astronomy, cosmology and physics are caused by a purely mathematical approach and ignoring philosophical comprehension of physical reality and, as a result, by not deep enough understanding of the essence of certain physical phenomena and objects.

It is shown that, according to the General Relativity, only the transverse metric distances – the transverse comoving distance and the angular diameter distance similar to it – can obey the Hubble linear dependence. The transverse comoving distance belongs to the comoving reference of spatial coordinates and time in the expanding Universe and is determined by the redshift of the emission wavelength.

It is shown that, according to General Relativity (GR), only the transverse metric distances – the transverse comoving distance and the angular diameter distance similar to it – can obey the Hubble linear dependence.

The majority of theoretical misconceptions and the most significant misunderstandings in modern astronomy, cosmology and physics are caused by a purely mathematical approach and ignoring philosophical comprehension of physical reality and, as a result, by not deep enough understanding of the essence of certain physical phenomena and objects. Foremost, it's all about phenomena and objects that are under consideration by Special and General Relativity.

Anisotropy of the luminous intensity of distant astronomical objects of expanding Universe in intrinsic space of the observer is shown. The relativistic distance-luminosity relation, by which radial coordinate of astronomical object is being determined taking into account Hubble anisotropy of its luminous intensity, is received. As it follows from this relation, values of radial coordinates of distant astronomical objects in intrinsic space of the observer are much smaller than values of their coordinates, calculated by classical distance-luminosity relation. This makes the presence of such hypothetical components of the Universe as dark matter and dark energy unnecessary in principle

В соответствии с физическими представлениями Эйнштейна о свободном (инерциальном) движении тел по геодезическим мировым линиям пространственно-временного континуума рассмотрена возможность инерциального (изоэнергетического) протекания эволюционного процесса расширения Вселенной и при не нулевом значении космологической постоянной уравнений гравитационного поля общей теории относительности. Это позволяет избежать потребности наличия во Вселенной «темной энергии». Показано, что классическим фотометрическим методом, не учитывающим, как соответствующую антигравитационному полю кривизну конечного собственного пространства наблюдателя, так и релятивистскую деформацию угловых апертур далеких галактик, определяются не фотометрические расстояния до этих галактик в этом пространстве.